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class="para-title" title="物料的編碼與版本管理淺析">物料的編碼與版本管理淺析</h1> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <a href='/' >首頁</a>> <a href='/aboutus'>為何選擇湃睿</a>> <a href='/aboutus/index/catid/3.html'>新聞觀點</a>> <a href='/aboutus/index/catid/18.html'>湃睿觀點</a> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/Public/Css/admin/ue.css"/> <div class="view"> <h2><span style="font-size:19px;font-weight:normal">0 </span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">引言</span></h2><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">編碼管理和版本管理是企業信息化過程中必然遇到的兩個基礎話題。圖號、物料號、編碼三者之間的關系是什么？為什么國內很多制造型企業既有圖號、也有物料號，對企業編碼管理的正確、合理方式是什么？當對物料進行更改時，究竟應該是通過版本進行控制，還是應該給出不同的編碼？本文針對這些問題，結合物料管理理論，基于信息化物料管理項目實踐，對編碼管理和版本管理進行簡單分析，以期豐富物料管理理論、提升企業信息化項目實踐的成功率與滿意度。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size:19px;font-weight:normal">1 </span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">業務概念</span></h2><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">1.1 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height: 150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">編碼</span></h3><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">編碼是物料的“身份證號”，是物料的唯一標識，其基本要求是唯一性。比如手機號編碼全球內唯一，身份證編碼國內唯一，物料編碼企業內唯一。常見物料的物料編碼方式有</span>4<span style="font-family:宋體">種：流水編碼、分類</span>+<span style="font-family:宋體">流水編碼、隸屬編碼，混合編碼。</span></p><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">1.2 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height: 150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">圖號與物料號</span></h3><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">圖號是圖紙中零部件的編碼信息，用來標識圖紙中具體零部件。一般來說，圖號是依附于圖紙并專門為圖紙服務的。圖號一般受到產品結構的影響，反映較多圖紙和部件結構信息。物料號是企業下游對物料標識的一種稱呼，通常是指具體的零部件，體現較為濃厚的單個物料信息。企業中使用的圖號和物料號也都屬于物料編碼范圍，二者基本要求都是唯一性。由于歷史及習慣原因，國內企業的圖號編碼大部分為隸屬規則；物料號則根據每個企業的管理習慣不同而存在多種同規則，如果分類編碼、流水編碼等。</span></p><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">1.3 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height: 150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">版本</span></h3><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">版本是在編碼不變的前提下，對物料演變過程的歷史記錄。版本通常會有大小版本之分。一般地，對產品發布前的修改稱為小版本變化，產品發布之后的修改稱為大版本升級。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size:19px;font-weight:normal">2 </span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">編碼管理</span></h2><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">2.1 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">企業下游物料編碼方法</span></h3><p style="text-indent:24px"><span style="font-family:宋體">對制造型企業來說，設計是上游，也是圖號產生部門。既然設計圖紙中的圖號可以唯一標識零部件，對于相同零部件，下游的工藝、制造、采購、財務等環節是否可以按照設計確定的圖號繼續進行后續管理呢？一般存在以下兩種情況：</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px">a)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">以圖號為基礎繼續進行后續管理。對于已經有圖號作為標識的，下游部門繼續使用圖號作為物料的唯一標識；對于沒有給出圖號的過程物料（如制造過程部件或者采購合件等），可以基于圖號規則（或與其他規則相結合）繼續給出新的圖號規則。也就是說，整個企業的物料管理均是以圖號為基礎進行管理。</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px">b)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">不使用物料號，重新定義一套編碼。因為設計不能給出制造、采購過程中的圖號，為便于下游統一物料管理，下游部門重新給出一套符合自己管理的物料編碼體系，比如全新的分類編碼、流水編碼等。</span></p><p style="text-indent:24px"><span style="font-family:宋體">以上兩種下游物料編碼管理方式取決于企業自身。事實上，只要做到一物一碼（甚至是一物多碼）就可以滿足企業物料管理的基本要求。</span></p><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">2.2 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">統一編碼管理</span></h3><p style="text-indent:24px"><span style="font-family:宋體">一般地，企業下游管理的物料涵蓋企業各個業務環節，涉及計、制造、采購、物流、質量等多個部門。既然下游對企業物料的管理范圍和數量遠大于上游，為什么不直接取消圖號，統一企業物料編碼方式呢？很多企業將圖號、物料號兩種不同的編碼規則在企業內部并行運行，不但白白增加企業物料編碼的管理成本，而且是導致“一物多碼”的重要原因。這是因為大部分企業存在這樣的物料管理誤區：</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px">a)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">雙方都不愿意改變現有管理習慣。一方面，國內現有圖號邏輯大部分為隸屬編碼規則，這種規則比較便于設計人員直觀的進行產品及零部件別，且具有一定歷史。另一方面，對企業范圍內物料進行統一分類、流水等管理方式，比較合適倉庫、采購、財務、制造人員的管理。</span></p><p style="margin-left:48px">b)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">認為兩套編碼體系是正常的。只要二者能夠通某種對應關系實現一一對應即可，沒必要統一企業范圍的物料編碼管理體系。</span></p><p style="text-indent:24px"><span style="font-family:宋體">事實上，增加一個不必要的物料給企業帶來的不僅是設計上的重復工作，還有制造、采購、財務、倉庫等綜合管理的成本增加。合理的管理方式應該是淡化甚至消除圖號，統一企業范圍內編碼方式，消除因不同編碼體系帶來的管理內耗。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size:19px;font-weight:normal">3 </span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">版本變化與編碼變化</span></h2><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">3.1 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height: 150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">問題提出</span></h3><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">產品部件進行修改時，更新版本和更換編碼是是“二選一”的。有的企業進行物料修改時，將原來的編碼改為類似“編碼</span>+v1<span style="font-family:宋體">、</span>v2……vN<span style="font-family:宋體">”等進行區分。這種管理方式的本質是依然是新增物料號，并非嚴格意義上的版本管理，因此也是不規范的。一般的產品或物料管理系統都支持版本記錄與編碼申請，那么產品修改時，何時通過不同版本進行管理，何時通過不同編碼進行管理呢？</span></p><h3 style=";margin-bottom:0;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">3.2 </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height: 150%;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">解決方案</span></h3><h4><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">3.2.1 </span><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">首次發布前修改</span></h4><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">產品首次審簽發布</span>/<span style="font-family:宋體">批準之前，所有的駁回修改都應該是小版本升級，因為這是產品設計不斷修改、完善的過程，所有修改記錄都應該保留。</span></p><h4><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">3.2.2 </span><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:黑體;font-weight:normal">首次發布后修改</span></h4><p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋體">對于已經發布</span>/<span style="font-family:宋體">批準的物料再次提出修改請求時：</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果是在制造過程中，發現產品本身設計錯誤，則設計部門需要立刻進行修改，進行大版本升級，編碼不變。同時，設計、工藝、制造、采購等下游部門需要給出在制品處理意見。</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果是在生產過程中，需要根據訂單變型生產不同產品，需要進行不同的財務成本統計，則需要通過另存或重新設計給出新的、不同物料編碼碼，然后重新進行審簽發布。</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果是生產過程中，發現有些可以優化改進之處：</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:85px">a)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果這種改進是針對后續所有產品，那么需要進行大版本升級，并給出改進前的版本的在制品處理意見；</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:85px">b)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果這種改進是一種變型設計，那么需要通過另存或重新設計給出新的、不同的物料編碼；</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:85px">c)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">如果不確定這種改進是否合適，那么需要下發臨時技術通知單，待確定后再判斷是修改為新的版本還是給出新的不同物料編碼</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋體">。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">4 </span><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋體;font-weight:normal">結語</span></h2><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(1)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">闡述編碼、圖號、物料號、版本各自業務概念，說明企業中常用的圖號、物料號都屬于編碼管理范圍。</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(2)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">說明企業下游的編碼管理可以是多樣的，只要滿足唯一性要求、并且在實際使用中得到認可就是可行的。建議在企業范圍內統一編碼管理，降低因為多重編碼體系帶來的企業管理內耗。</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px">(3)<span style="font-stretch: normal;font-size: 9px;font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體">指出版本變化與編碼變化二者是對立的。針對修改中遇到的管理困惑，結合不同的實際修改業務場景，給出一種版本變化與編碼變化的業務管理規范，有益于物料管理理論發展，同時對企業實際物料管理也具有一定指導及借鑒作用。</span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:黑體">作者簡介：</span></p><p style="text-indent:20px"><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">趙長生</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">(</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">通信作者</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">)</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">，男，</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">1985</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">年出生，上海湃睿信息科技有限公司，</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">PLM</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">實施部項目經理。主要從事企業信息化研究、</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">PLM</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">實施及管理方面的工作。</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">Email</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">：</span><a href="mailto:czhao@pisx.com"><span style="font-size:10px">czhao@pisx.com</span></a><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:20px"><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">陳杰，男，</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">1979</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">年出生，山東新華醫療器械股份有限公司，信息科科長。。</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif">Email</span><span style="font-size:10px;font-family:宋體">：</span><a href="mailto:chenjie@shinva.com"><span style="font-size:10px">chenjie@shinva.com</span></a><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span></p><p><br/></p><br><div id='page1' class='pages'> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view col-md-3 small_side" style='display:none'> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="view bottombar" style='display:none'> </div> </div> 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